Cond_2 ) THEN s = ( a + b + c ) / 2.0 Area = SQRT ( s * ( s - a ) * ( s - b ) * ( s - c )) WRITE ( *, * ) "Triangle area = ", Area ELSE WRITE ( *, * ) "ERROR: this is not a triangle!" END IF END PROGRAM HeronFormula ! - ! Compute the area of a triangle using Heron's formula ! - PROGRAM HeronFormula IMPLICIT NONE REAL :: a, b, c ! three sides REAL :: s ! half of perimeter REAL :: Area ! triangle area LOGICAL :: Cond_1, Cond_2 ! two logical conditions READ ( *, * ) a, b, c WRITE ( *, * ) "a = ", a WRITE ( *, * ) "b = ", b WRITE ( *, * ) "c = ", c WRITE ( *, * ) Cond_1 = ( a > 0. This program calculates the area of a triangle using Heron’s formula. Don’t worry about every piece of syntax and keyword at the minute - we’re just going to look at the overall general structure.
We are going to start with a ‘high-level’ view of a very simple Fortran program. Fortran will seem different to these languages in many ways, but the principles of programming remain broadly the same, and some syntax is shared or similar to elements of other programming languages. Perhaps you have previously used other programming languages, such as Python, R, or MATLAB, which have developed with easy to understand syntax in mind, and with a programming style that favours more rapid development time at the expense of computational performance.
The latest Fortran standard was released in 2018, bringing many new features and keeping Fortran a relevant, highly performant language for contemporary scientific computing challenges. I disagree with this description, as although Fortran has a long history, the language continues to be updated, new features are developed and added to the Fortran language standard, and there is still a strong community behind Fortran. Unfortunately Fortran is often referred to as an ‘outdated’ or ‘legacy’ programming language. Fortran was developed in the early 1950s and the first ever Fortran program ran in 1954 - making Fortran fairly unusual among programming languages in that it predates the modern transistor computer - the first Fortran program ran on the IBM 704 vacuum tube computer! Fortran has outlived several nation states since its conception, and still is in wide use today in a number of specialised scientific communities. A brief Fortran historyįortran was originally named after the contraction of Formula Translation, highlighting Fortran’s origins as a language designed specifically for mathematical calculations. This is where Fortran differs to interpreted languages such as Python and R which run through an interpreter which executes the instructions directly, but at the cost of compute speed.
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In other words, you must perform a special step called compilation of your written code before you are able to run it on a computer. Fortran programs can be highly optimised to run on high performance computers, and in general the language is suited to producing code where performance is important.įortran is a compiled language, or more specifically it is compiled ahead-of-time. While outwith the scientific community, Fortran has declined in popularity over the years, it still has a strong user base with scientific programmers, and is also used in organisations such as weather forecasters, financial trading, and in engineering simulations.
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